地理作業2-3～2-5

2-3 How Can Matter Change?
We can change elements and compounds from one physical or chemical form to another, but we can never create or destroy any of the atoms involved in any physical or chemical change. All we can do is rearrange the elements and compounds into different spatial patterns (physical changer) or combinations (chemical changes). These statements, based on many thousands of measurements, describe a scientific law known as the law of conservation of matter:when a physical or chemical change occurs, no atoms are created or destroyed.
This law means there is no "away" as in "to throw away." Everything we think we have thrown away remains here with us in some form. We can reuse or recycle some materials and chemicals but the law of conservation of matter means we will always face the problem of what to do with some quantity of the wastes and pollutants we produce
翻譯:我們能改變元素和化合物從一個物理或者化學形式到另一個， 但是我們永遠不能建立或者破壞任何涉及任何物理或者化學變化的原子。 我們能做的全部重新安排進不同空間圖案(物質變換器)的元素和化合物 或者結合(化學變化) . 這些陳述， 基於數千尺寸， 描述以這條物質守恆定律著稱的科學法律︰到那時物質或者化學變化發生當時，沒有原子被創造或者被破壞。
這法律表明不可能" 離開" 當時在裡" 拋棄。 " 我們已經拋棄的我們想的一切與我們一起呆在這裡以一些形式。 我們能重新使用或者再循環一些材料和化學製品，但是物質守恆定律表示， 永遠面臨由於我們生產的浪費和污染物的一些數量做什麼的問題
研討: 我想是因為物質與能量的守恆定律, 我們應要去多做資源回收再去再生分解再利用, 如此一來可以減輕地球的負擔同時也減少了我們對地球的汙染!
2-4 What is Energy and how can it change form?
Energy comes in many forms. Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat. There are two major types of energy:moving energy and stored energy. Some types of energy are more useful than others. Energy quality is a measure of an energy source's capacity to do useful work. High-quality energy is concentrated and can perform much useful work. Low-quality energy is dispersed and has little capacity to do useful work. Energy changes are governed by two scientific laws. Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations. This scientific law tells us that when one form of energy is converted to another form in any physical or chemical change,energy input always equals energy output.
2-5 How can we use matter and energy more sustainably?
We can shift to matter-recycling and reuse economies. A temporary solution to this problem is to convert a linear throughput economy into a circular matter recycling and reuse economy,which mimics nature by recycling and reusing most matter outputs instead of dumping them into the environment. We can use scientific lessons from nature to shift to more sustainable societies.The three scientific laws governing matter and energy changes and the four scientific principles of sustainability suggest that the best long-term solution to our environmental and resource problems is to shift from an economy based on increasing matter and energy flow to a more sustainable low-throughput economy,as summarized in 2-9.
翻譯: 我們能對事情再循環轉移並且重新使用經濟。 一個暫時的解決這個問題的方法 將把線的流量經濟轉變成可傳閱的事情再循環並且重新使用經濟， 善於模仿的人自然以再循環和重新使用大多數事情產量代替丟下他們進環境。 我們能使用科學課從自然隨著可持續社會的更移動。 管理事情的3 條科學法律和能量改變，持續的4 個科學原則建議 那最好的長期的解決我們的環境和資源問題的方法 從基於增加事情的經濟變換和能量流到更可持續的低流量的經濟，象在2-9 總結的那樣。